Home // IARIA Congress 2023, The 2023 IARIA Annual Congress on Frontiers in Science, Technology, Services, and Applications // View article

Electric Network Frequency Optical Sensing Devices

Authors:
Christos Moysiadis
Georgios Karantaidis
Constantine Kotropoulos

Keywords: Electric Network Frequency (ENF); optical sensor based on a photodiode; CMOS-based GoPro Hero8 camera; ENF estimation in video.

Abstract:
Electric Network Frequency (ENF) acts as a fingerprint in multimedia forensics applications. In indoor environments, ENF variations affect the intensity of light sources connected to power mains. Accordingly, the light intensity variations captured by sensing devices can be exploited to estimate the ENF. A first optical sensing device based on a photodiode is developed for capturing ENF variations in indoor lighting environments. In addition, a device that captures the ENF directly from power mains is implemented. This device serves as a ground truth ENF collector. Video recordings captured by a camera are also employed to estimate the ENF. The camera serves as a second optical sensor. The factors affecting the ENF estimation are thoroughly studied. The maximum correlation coefficient between the ENF estimated by the two optical sensors and that estimated directly from power mains is used to measure the estimation accuracy. The paper’s major contribution is in the disclosure of extensive experimental evidence on ENF estimation in scenes ranging from static ones capturing a white wall to non-static ones, including human activity.

Pages: 94 to 99

Copyright: Copyright (c) IARIA, 2023

Publication date: November 13, 2023

Published in: conference

ISBN: 978-1-68558-089-6

Location: Valencia, Spain

Dates: from November 13, 2023 to November 17, 2023