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Title
Building with sustainable materials. Timber structures and timber construction
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Objectives
- + - Main objective
- To promote projects using wooden structures for buildings
- + - Context
The usefulness of wood in building construction is not, in itself, new. Throughout history, countless architectural pieces have made use of it.
However, its use has usually been limited to certain elements/portions of the building. In contrast, most of the building has been materialised using other materials: adobe, rammed earth, brick, stone, concrete, and steel, among others.
The life cycle of some of these materials has a low environmental impact. Still, others generate a significant carbon footprint and consume many energy resources and non-renewable raw materials.
Therefore, the BIP aims to highlight, in the first place, that wood is a renewable, lightweight material with reasonably high mechanical properties and low thermal conductivity. All this makes it an ideal building material in today's times.
In addition, in recent decades, there have been significant advances in responsible forestry production and in the industrial manufacture of wood-based building products - engineered timber or engineered bamboo - which have high structural and prefabricated construction performance.
Products based on glued timber (chips, strips, sheets, planks, slats or boards) make it possible to use practically 100% of the harvested wood and provide the material with a homogeneity that the raw material does not have a substantially improved strength.
Applying all these aspects to the development of architectural projects will round off the training of students in this discipline. It will enable them to work professionally within much more sustainable parameters.
- + - Motivation
Environmental sustainability issues are becoming increasingly essential and affect most production processes.
Construction sector activities generate many greenhouse gas emissions and consume many energy resources and raw materials.
Raising awareness of this reality, offering environmentally sustainable alternatives and improving the professional skills of the leading technical staff in the building sector are relevant and urgent tasks.
- The BIP training activity pursues the abovementioned objectives.
- The academic activities will highlight the advantages and limitations of using wood as a construction material for the building sector.
Programme characteristics
- + - Field of study
- + - 0732 Building and civil engineering
- International Standard Classification of Education: Fields of Education and Training 2013 (ISCED-F 2013 codes)
- + - Academic activities
- + - Main goal
- Training on construction of timber structures for buildings
- + - Online
- Materials & Products
- Building technologies
- Structural analysis procedures
- Case studies
- + - Mobility
- + - Before the online activity
- + - Timber construction technologies in context
- Visiting buildings with timber structures
- Visiting factories of structural timber products
- Motivation and Project definition
- Teams constitution
- + - After the online activity
- Project workshop
- Building of scale models
- Projects presentation and assessment
- + - Language
- English
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Erasmus Priorities
- + - Digital transformation
- Telework in the development of the project
- Online collaboration in project development
- BIM (IFC)
- + - Environment and climate change
- Sustainable materials for buildings
- Compared Life Cycle Analysis
- + - Participation in democratic life
- Developing negotiation skills to solve a problem
- Collaborating in international teams
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Associated courses
Recognition: minimum 3 ECTS
At ETSA UP València- Bachelor in Fundamentals of Architecture
- Elective course
- Structures Workshop
- Arianna Guardiola Víllora
- 4.5 ECTS
- Master in Architecture (MARQ)
- Compulsory course
- PEE PIME
- Agustín Pérez García
- Arianna Guardiola Víllora
- 4.5 ECTS
- Master in Advanced Architecture (MAAPUD)
- Elective course
- Structures Workshop
- José Luís Pardo Ros
- Technology and sustainability
- Vicente López Mateu
- 4.5 ECTS
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At TU Graz- + - Contextualization in timber construction
- + - Elective course
- 2 ECTS
- + - Think tank material / building materials technology
- + - Elective course
- 2 ECTS
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At NTNU Trondheim
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Participants
- Staff
- Teaching and/or research staff
- + - UP València
- Agustín Pérez García
- Arianna Guardiola Víllora
- Vicente López Mateu
- Teresa Pellicer Armiñana
- Ignacio Guillén Guillamón
- + - TU Graz
- Tom Kaden
- Bettina Gossak-Kowalski
- Alex Dengg
- + - Elisabeth Beis
(Student Assistant)
- NTNU Trondheim
- Administrative and service staff
- + - UP València
- Paula Cardells Mosteiro
- TU Graz
- NTNU Trondheim
- + - Staff from enterprises
- UP València
- TU Graz
- NTNU Trondheim
- + - Institutions
- Universitat Politècnica de València (Spain)
- + - Faculty of Architecture at Graz University of Technology (Austria)
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Pending
Department of Architecture and Technology at Trondheim, Teknisk-Naturvitenskapelige Universitet NTNU (Norway)
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Pending
Laboratory of Wood Technology
Ghent University (Belgium)
- + - https://durabuildmaterials.ugent.be/index.php/expert
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DuraBUILDmaterials research areas
- https://www.ugent.be/bw/environment/en/research/woodlab
- + - Potential european partners
Fakulteta za arhitekturo, Univerza v Ljubljani at Ljubljana (Slovenia)
Fakultät für Architektur, RWTH Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule at Aachen (Germany)
- + - Potential third party partners
Hokkaido University at Sapporo (Japan)
- + - Students
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Minimum number 15, and maximum 60
- + - Participants must be registered into the Erasmus mobility tool
Visits, transportation, catering for events, materials for workshops
Students have a limited Erasmus mobility time in their degree. BIP mobility must be part of it.
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Some participant students do not count for the minimum number
- Students from third countries or institutions not associated to the BIP programme
- + - Students from UPV (host institution)
- + - Forecast for UPV (maximum)
- 5 students from the Bachelor in Fundamentals of Architecture 5 students from the Master in Architecture (MARQ) 5 students from the Master in Advanced Architecture (MAAPUD)
Organisational support for a maximum of 20 students
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Online activities
- Contents
- The programme will be developed through a series of online sessions in which the three partners will provide information about the materials available on the market, their properties, recommended construction solutions, and how they have been used in various relevant cases that will also be the subject of detailed study.
Objective
- According to the Erasmus+ directives, collaborative work has the highest relevance
- To develop a project with a wooden structure.
- + - Topic
- Main focus is put on the design of a multi-storey timber building in an urban setting. To create a faster result, the concept is kept on an easier level. Hence, the chosen virtual project site is an undeveloped parcel of a “19th-century-block-perimeter-development” (Gründerzeitblock). Three virtual plots (in each city of each university) of the same size and situation are offered to students.
- + - Teaching Goals
- After the course students have a deeper understanding how to design with timber in an urban context. Furthermore, they understand how to design in different climatic zones and which possibilities do they have when constructing in a bio-climatic way. A very important part for student’s progress is to work in mixed groups. The necessity to work with student’s with different approaches in a foreign language is a very educational experience.
- + - The building
- The basic idea for the joint design course is that students do first a quite a rudimentary design aforehand. Input requirement is that the building is situated according to the outlines, has four storeys above ground and follows the space allocation plan. The loadbearing structure of the building should be mainly designed with timber.
- In the second design phase constructional systems, window openings, balconies/loggias shading etc. has to be fixed according to the planning site (be it in Trondheim, Valencia or Graz)
- + - Possible locations
- Graz
- + - Valencia
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- + - Location 1. Calle de Ruzafa, 5, 46004 Valencia (39.46686739892829, -0.3745598267341235)
- + - Location 2. Calle de Ruzafa, 9, 46004 Valencia (39.46644515122342, -0.3743177245969542)
- + - Location 3. Calle de Cádiz, 26, 46006 Valencia (39.46292660275726, -0.3745714284296831)
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- Trondheim
- + - Specifications for the final design
- Situated according to masterplan
- Four storeys above ground
- Mixed use (shop/public functions in ground floor, uppermost two floors housing, in between
- free to dispose)
- Concept of load-bearing structure (mainly) in timber
- Bio-climatic concept
- + - Presentation with
- Sustainability concept (reused, recycle, use of recycles materials, flexibility, change of use; … to be shown in floorplan, section, diagrams, text etc.)
- Floor plans (1:100)
- Elevations (front and back façade) (1:100, 1:200)
- Sections (1:100)
- Perspective views and/or axonometries
- Diagrams (to show bio-climatic concept)
- Construction systems (e.g. wall, ceiling, roof, etc.)
- Static calculations (specifications by UPV)
- Sun simulations
- …
- + - Course schedule
- + - The course starts in the beginning of October and work on the project ends before Christmas. Final works can be submitted until mid-January.
- + - Phase 1 (October) Preparation and online lectures
- + - In order to get a better knowledge and to be better prepared to solve the course’s tasks, students have to do a preliminary work
- Official kick-off meeting (remote)
- Preparation for the course topic. Several lectures will be given (remote)
- Student’s Pre-Study work is elaborated and presented to all students (flip teaching, remote)
- Grouping will be done
- + - Phase details
- + - LIVE – Online conference
- + - 0. Organizational
- + - Organizational introduction to the subject with course schedule, rough presentation of topics, time management, grading scheme and general information.
- Time: (proposed time period: 3.10.-7.10.22)
- Goals: Overview of the course received, group finding project output for the analyses
- + - Digital teaching units:
- + - Basic introduction
- + - 1. Resource wood
- + - Raw material wood, sustainability ?, timber resources, etc.
- Duration: approx. 20min
- Goals: To provide a rough overview of the raw material wood and the distribution of wood species. Request for a critical questioning of the topic of sustainability.
- + - 2. Wood characteristics
- + - Wood characteristics: Anisotropic material, moisture, raw density, etc.
- Duration: approx. 15min
- Goal: Repetition and awareness raising for the organ building material with its special properties.
- + - 3. Construction material: timber
- + - Presentation of the most important wood-based materials for structural timber construction.
- Duration: approx. 15min
- Goal: To get to know the most important wooden building materials and their possible applications in structural timber construction.
- + - Tasks
- Elaboration of the most important properties and building materials. (1-2 properties and 1-2 wooden building materials per group)
- + - Timber construction methods
- + - 4. Load bearing timber structures
- + - Overview of the various timber structures with their characteristics, areas of application and construction materials. bar, panel, structure
- Duration: approx. 10min
- Goal: The overview of existing timber structures and their properties is established. (Repetition)
- + - 5. Types of timber construction methods
- + - Solid timber construction, skeleton construction, timber-framed construction, (short: historical construction methods)
- Duration: approx. 30min
- Goals: To understand and recognize the various modern timber construction methods with their characteristics, areas of application and combinations.
- + - 6. Components
- + - More concrete descriptions and explanations of the individual building elements: support, walls and ceilings. Consideration of different ceiling supports (point and linear) and potentials as building stiffeners.
- Duration: approx. 30min
- Goal: More detailed overview: To develop and recognize the components with their combinations, potentials for stiffening and suitable support situations. The planned use of suitable components depending on the task should be possible according to its unit.
- + - Tasks
- Analysis (per group) of a project example with regard to the structures, construction methods and components.
- + - Protective feature
- + - 7. Thermal building physics, moisture and condensation protection
- + - Moisture protection – sources of moisture; diffusion and convection, winter cold and summer heat protection; airtight and windproofness. Differences in climate zones.
- Duration: approx. 20min
- Goal:
- + - 8. Fire protection
- + - Overview Fire protection: protection objectives, flammability and fire resistance, burning rate. Fire resistance calculation. Compensatory measures. No country-specific regulations.
- Duration: approx. 10min
- Goal:
- + - 9. Soundproofing
- + - Structure-borne sound, airborne sound, measures in the superstructures. No country-specific regulations.
- Duration: approx. 10min
- Goal:
- + - 10. Timber preservation
- + - Why timber protection?, Measures, Natural durability, Constructive wood protection, Chemical timber protection
- Duration: approx. 45min
- Goals: The students know the requirements of timber constructions with regard to the above-mentioned structural protection functions and the special use of materials. They are aware of how strongly the design influences wood protection.
- + - Construction
- + - 11. Layers and nodes
- + - Superstructures and polyfunctional layers: exterior wall, roof, floor ceiling, interior wall; Explanation based on project examples.
- Duration: approx. 35min
- + - Tasks
- "Protective feature/Construction": Analysis (per group) of the execution planning of a project example with regard to the protective functions, the constructive timber protection, fire protection and sound insulation measures. Elaboration of the polyfunctional layers.
- + - 12. Project examples, multi-story timber construction
- + - Presentation of wooden buildings of various designs, with reference to the previous lecture units.
- Duration: approx. 45min
- + - LIVE – Online conference
- + - 13. Presentation of the analyses
- Time: duration approx. 1.5 hours
- + - Phase 2 (October) Excursion to Graz Proposed time period: 10.10.22-14.10.22
- Excursion for all participants (students and teachers) to Graz
- + - Two days of fieldtrips to see
- a producer of cross-laminated-timber products
- a sawmill
- a modern multi-storey timber architecture
- a construction site (if available)
- the Austrian outdoor museum Stübing (historical timber architecture)
- + - Workshop (2-3 days)
- Grouping: Ideally each group consist of at least one student of each university
- Early draft
- Short presentation of the current status (interim review or desk crit (TBC))
- + - Phase 3 (October-December) Design process (remote)
- After the end of the workshop students are working remotely on the building design and its timber construction. Goal is to generate a level of detail close to execution planning. Students get support/feedback on their design on a weekly basis. Depending on who needs which kind of support, it can be conducted remotely or in presence by teachers of all three universities. Proposed dates for weekly seminar critiques: Friday morning ???
- + - Phase 4 (January) Excursion to Valencia Proposed time period: 09.01.23-13.01.23
- + - Two days of fieldtrips to see
- Bioclimatic design
- Use of timber invernacular architecture
- …
- + - At the workshop, all students will work together on
- the finalisation of their project,
- the physical model (M 1:50) and load-bearing construction
- the pre-dimensioning and static calculations.
- + - Final presentation of the projects
- Presentation using posters and model (PPT if requested)
- 10 min talk each group
- with subsequent defence of the project
- Proposed list of items to be developed
- + - Materials
- Solid
- Glued
- + - Products
- Timber products for structures
- + - Codes
- + - Simplified calculation
- UP València
- + - Procedures
- Beams and columns
- Floor solutions
- Walls
- Bracing systems
- Grid shells
- Space frames
- Joints
- + - Analysis tools
- + - Computer based
- Architrave
- + - Web based
- Calculatis
- Databases
- + - Construction details
- Connections
- Floor sections
- Facade sections
- Roof sections
- + - Project
- + - Presentations and corrections
- (simultaneously in Graz, Valencia, and Trondheim)
- Jury activities
- + - LCA
- ¿Software? Ignacio
- Schedule
- There are no requirements for the duration of this part
- Schedule proposal
- 4 weeks
- from 17/4/2023 until 12/5/2023
- 16 hours
- 8 online sessions of 2 hours
- Plus additional activities (duly programmed, scheduled and evaluated) to be completed autonomously by the students.
- Platform
The Microsoft Teams environment will be used as the preferred communication channel.
Mobility activities
- + - Objective
- In addition to the online sessions, students will participate in an International Workshop to be held in Valencia during the second semester of the academic year 2022-23, which will constitute the mobility phase of the BIP.
- In the Workshop, the students will develop a project in teams, and the composition of the teams will be conducive to international collaboration.
- The workshop could culminate in constructing a 1:5 scale prototype of a lightweight roof.
- BIP conditions
Between 5 and 30 days
Mobilities must be carried out and justified before 31 October 2023.
- The mobility of all participants must be at the same time
- + - Scheduled in UPV's BIP application
- + - When
- + - Proposal
- + -
5 days
- from 22/5/2023
- until 26/5/2023
- + - Where
- Valencia (UPV)
- + - Activities
- Working sessions in the Project Workshop
- Final formalisation of the project
- Presentation and defence of the projects
- + - Construction of a prototype?
- + - Ideas
- + - Space Truss
- Scale model 1:5
- + - Tea Pavilion
- Real size
- To be located at UPV Campus
- + - Additional mobility
- + - Possible study trips
- + - Travel to Graz for
- + - Probably partially funded by ETSA UPV
- Visit to a pro:Holz factory
- Visit multistory buildings whose structure has been solved using timber
- Visit to a building under construction (if possible)
- Presentation of the project proposal (could be online)
- Study work to form student teams and to set out the start and outline of the project (could be online)
- Just before Fallas (12 to 16 March 2023)
- + - Possible visits of staff
- + - Programme Erasmus +
- Staff Mobility Agreement for Teaching (STA)
- + - Intended for
- Coordination of mobility activities
- Preparation of material for online sessions
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Methodology
In the online teaching, the flip teaching methodology will be used because it is very effective in this context and has been applied by the participating teaching staff at the UPV for several years.
In the International Workshop, learning is based on challenges or projects, in which international teams work together to solve a challenge and present a solution.
The proposed programme provides added value concerning the current academic offer at the ETSA since, currently, the training received by the students of the Bachelor's and Master's degrees does not include, in its proper terms, the use of wood as a structural and construction material.
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Organisational support
- BIP activities
- 400 EUR per participant
- Minimum 15 and maximum 20
- For visits, transportation, catering for events, materials for workshops, and other expenses derived from the activity.
- Mobility costs
- Each institution will finance the mobility costs of its own participants from its Erasmus funds.
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Activities classification
- + - Tipos
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TPO- + -
Tasks previous to the online session
MPT Subject Matter Preparation Tasks
IST Information Search Tasks
- + -
OA- + -
Online Activities
RCD Review and Comment of Documents
EPP Exposure of Practical Procedures
PUT Presentation and Use of Tools
PSP Project Status Presentation
FQE Frequently Asked Questions and Errors
- + -POA
- + -
Post Online Session Tasks
CAT Concept Assimilation Tasks
SAT Skills Acquisition Task
LRT Learning Reinforcement Tasks- IST Information Search Tasks
- MPT Subject Matter Preparation Tasks
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