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1: J
Biomech. 1994 Apr;27(4):469-78.

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Load transmission through the
callus site with external fixation systems: theoretical and experimental
analysis.

Prat J, Juan JA, Vera P, Hoyos JV, Dejoz
R, Peris JL, Sanchez-Lacuesta J, Comin M.

Instituto de
Biomecanica de Valencia, Valencia Parc Tecnologic, Spain.

The
fracture callus contribution to the total rigidity of external
fixator-fractured bone element was analysed. This study was achieved
from both theoretical and experimental perspectives. The theoretical
study was done using the finite element method with a three-dimensional
model. In this model, both the callus and the development of its elastic
characteristics were considered. A series of 38 New Zealand-California
white rabbits with tibial fractures treated with some external fixation
system was used in this study. Such devices could reproduce either rigid
or elastic features. The frame dynamization can be obtained at different
fracture healing stages. Animals were classified into four series: (1)
rigid fixators, (2) dynamized fixators two weeks after surgery, (3)
three weeks after surgery and (4) four weeks after surgery. Tension
tests were performed to evaluate callus strength. Theoretical results
showed significant levels of callus load transmission (85.5%) when the
callus elastic modulus is 1/100 of the elastic modulus of intact bone in
an external fixator with rigid features. Experimental analysis of the
callus obtained with different external fixator systems did not show
differences among them. This fact implies that the immature callus
theoretically modelled (E = 100 N mm-2) appears early in the rabbit
fracture model (before two weeks, when first dynamization was made), for
this reason no differences were found between the two types of treatment
(rigid and dynamized systems). This fact questions the reliability of
the dynamization process in external fixation of fractures and it
implies accurate investigations in the clinical field.

PMID:
8188727 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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